There are several types of malignant esophageal tumors, but the symptoms are often close and are more common in men compared to women, and an increase in cases of this type of tumors has been observed globally in the last three decades.

When the esophageal wall is exposed to high acid gastric fluid for long periods (several years), such as GERD patients without treatment, the patient is vulnerable to such tumors.

In some studies conducted in China, it was found that there is a genetic relationship between the genetic genes of the disease, which may be one of the conducive factors for the emergence of the disease, and there are several other factors that increase the risk of esophageal cancer, including being overweight, smoking and drinking alcohol.

Other factors also include eating canned foods that contain high levels of nitrogen and preservatives on a continuous basis, as well as human exposure to radiotherapy for other pathological reasons that may increase the risk of infection. It was also found that there is a relationship between infection with some viral diseases (HPV) and esophageal cancer.

Symptoms often do not appear until after the tumor has reached its late stages, and the most common symptoms are difficulty swallowing (for solid foods in the beginning and then increasing the difficulty to include even liquid later) accompanied by loss of appetite and weight, and with the increase in the size of the tumor, the patient is prone to frequent reflux, which increases the risk of infection Pneumonia caused by food reflux into the airway.

Therefore, it is preferable to consult a specialist doctor to do the necessary examinations and tests as soon as possible to know the causes and possible treatment methods. Some rays, endoscopy and laboratory analyzes may be required to reach the correct diagnosis and accurately to make the appropriate treatment plan.

Regardless of the treatment followed, the outlook for esophageal cancer is poor because it is often detected late. The choice of treatment for the patient is based in part on the amount of hardship the patient can tolerate. In most cases, treatment is a combination of surgical, radiological and chemotherapy.

If the tumor is not resectable, then a procedure must be taken to overcome the problems of esophageal obstruction caused by the tumor. Sometimes the tumor shrinks for a while due to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and the esophagus can be expanded using a balloon through the endoscope from the mouth, and then a special stent is inserted to keep the esophageal passage open.