drugs and liver

What drugs have a toxic effect on the liver, and how can these damages be avoided?

Hepatitis can be caused by drugs that have direct toxic effects on the liver. The most common example is an over-the-counter pain reliever called acetaminophen, as taking high doses of acetaminophen can cause serious liver damage. Other medications that can harm the liver include methyldopa (used to treat tuberculosis), valproate (used to treat seizures) and amiodarone (used to treat irregular heart rhythms). Symptoms of drug-induced toxic liver damage include nausea, vomiting, excessive sweating, and a general feeling of being unwell.

Your symptoms will decide whether you need to take an antidepressant for the drug you took or to wash and suction the contents of your stomach to rid your body of any drug that remains in your stomach but has not yet been absorbed into the blood. Sometimes we find some drugs damage the liver through an unusual allergic reaction that can cause symptoms such as fever, rash and muscle aches. (used in the treatment of manic states), erythromycin and trimethoprim preparations with sulfa-methoxazole (which are antibiotics)

Intestinal obstruction

What are the causes of what is known as intestinal obstruction and how is it treated?

Intestinal obstruction is a blockage of the small or large intestine, which may be complete or partial. Obstruction can be caused by conditions that physically impede the normal movement of the internal contents of the intestine, such as inflammation in the case of inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis or cancer.

The blockage can also be caused by conditions that cause twisting or pressure from the outside on the intestine, such as hernias or scar tissue (adhesions), which can arise after abdominal surgery. blood), which is an emergency that requires urgent surgery.

Abdominal swelling and constipation occur when the large intestine is obstructed. In the case of partial obstruction, some diarrhea may occur despite the presence of partial obstruction, which relieves the pain somewhat. In the case of obstruction of the small intestine, the resulting symptoms include a contraction. Sometimes severe pain occurs in the middle part of the abdomen (approximately around the navel) in addition to nausea and vomiting.

To diagnose the condition, the doctor takes x-rays, which usually reveal the problem. Intestinal obstruction can be reversed and heal on its own without any treatment, especially if the cause is the cessation of bowel movement. However, if the blockage does not improve after 6 to 24 hours, or if it There are signs of suffocation. Surgical solution is often necessary to get rid of the cause of the obstruction whatsoever and to remove any part of the intestine that has died due to suffocation.