peptic ulcer

I took several medicines to treat stomach ulcers, but I did not recover yet? What is the work and what are the reasons?

Approximately 90 percent of cases of peptic ulcers heal within one to three months. Sores that do not heal are called recalcitrant ulcers, and there are many reasons for ulcers to fail to heal. Failure to follow the doctor’s instructions in treatment is one reason, and another reason is that some types of Heliobacter pylori bacteria are resistant to antibiotics, in addition to other factors that may interfere with the healing process, including regular use of tobacco, alcohol, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and in some Sometimes the problem is occasional, as some patients are unaware that the medication they are taking contains a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

In rare cases, gastric ulcers are caused by excess stomach acid or infection with non-Heliobacter pylori bacteria from other digestive diseases, including Crohn’s disease or cancer.

Treatment of stubborn ulcers generally includes eliminating factors that may hinder the healing process, in addition to stronger doses of ulcer medications. Sometimes additional medications can be prescribed and surgery is only used when the ulcer fails to respond to strong medical treatment.

Cell Protection Factors:

These are medicines designed to help protect the tissues that line the stomach and small intestine. They include the following prescription medications, sucralfate (Carafate) and misoprostol (Cytotec). However, these medications have some side effects, as sucralfate can cause constipation, and misoprostol may cause diarrhea and uterine bleeding. Misoprostol should not be prescribed to pregnant women because it may lead to miscarriage.

Another protective factor is bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol). In addition to protecting the lining of the stomach and intestines, bismuth compounds appear to inhibit the activity of H. pylori.

gallstones

Are there different types of gallstones? And what are its causes?

Not all gallstones have the same composition, but there are three types:

Cholesterol stones. It consists of cholesterol that the bile is unable to dissolve. Based on statistics, 80 to 85 percent of gallstones are mainly cholesterol. Some of them consist of pure cholesterol, but the stones also often contain significant amounts of other components such as bilirubin and calcium, and they are sometimes called mixed stones.

Hemoglobin stones. This type of stone is formed when bilirubin is elevated in bile, and hemoglobin stones are generally dark brown or black in size. The reason for its formation is not always clear. Some cases are attributed to the excessive secretion of bilirubin caused by severe scarring of the liver (cirrhosis or cirrhosis), or by the excessive destruction and removal of red blood cells, or what is medically called hemolytic anemia.

The first gallstones of the biliary tract. Cholesterol and hemoglobin stones that come out and get trapped in the bile ducts are known as secondary or impure duct stones. As for primary duct stones, they form inside the bile ducts. These stones are usually soft and brown in color, and composed of dissolved bile.

The stones usually settle at the bottom of the gallbladder and in most cases cause little problems. Although some people attribute symptoms of heartburn, indigestion or bloating to gallstones, there is no evidence that cholecystopathy causes these symptoms.

In fact, the actual problems can only start when the stones move to the neck of the gallbladder or the outlet. When the gallbladder contracts to expel bile into the small intestine, the stones escape or try to escape, and small stones can usually pass through the bile ducts, to enter the small intestine and leave the body without problems, and large stones may remain stuck at the entrance to the bile duct, inside the bile duct or at Small intestine entrance.

When the stone blocks the flow of bile, it leads to moderate to severe pain accompanied by nausea, and this is known as a gallbladder attack. The seizure lasts from 15 minutes to several hours, and the stone stuck at the entrance to the bile duct usually falls back to the bottom of the gallbladder after the seizure ends. If you do not clear the corridor, the gallbladder may become infected and infected. Other symptoms include high fever, chills, dark urine, jaundice, and pale stools, which occur depending on where the stone is trapped.